To add a tech stop, decide which airport you want to use for the tech stop usually somewhere about half way between your desired origin and departure airports and change the destination airport code to that airport. The payload for the new sector will be displayed.
When you have finalized your tech stop, click on Add A Sector to add a new sector from the tech stop to the destination. If you have inadvertently pressed the Add A Sector button you can cancel the action by pressing the Esc key. Make any changes you require in these fields and confirm the change by pressing the Tab or Enter key. The time, fuel and max payload fields will change in response to changes in distance, flight level or en-route wind.
Changes to the load-on field will affect the fuel burn and Fuel on board fields for the sector. Changes to the Load-off field will change the payload remaining and the amount of load on you can take on the next sector. Optimising payloads. Changes to load-off in one sector will affect the load-on for the next sector and on subsequent sectors, helping the user to build the sector payloads on the screen and see any limitation s.
If having entered a route you find that for any reason you need to change the routing, you can do so by first clicking on the number of the sector you want to change and then changing the 3 letter code for the airport in either the FROM IATA or TO IATA boxes. The data for the new airport will appear above and pressing the enter key will re-calculate the sector with the new origin and destination. You can completely change the route by this method and the continue to add more sectors before going to the costing screen.
A completed route could look like this. This shows a route with a from Amsterdam to Johannesburg with stops in Cairo and Nairobi. PACS will then review the sectors and check to see if economic uplift will save you money.
If it will you will get a screen something like this. If economy tanking is done on any sector, the letter E will be shown by the uplift box for that sector. Then the Costs screen will appear. You can change some of the costs shown on the screen and the program will recalculate the sector and route totals.
The costs that can be changed are:. Fuel price - unless tanking is being used. En-Rote Navigation. ACMI rate. Sector costs. Other Hourly costs. You can also change the name of the operator and enter a reference for the costing before selecting PRINT to make a hard copy. At the foot of the cost screen is a field for putting in your Quote price and a notes field to enter your own notes regarding that particular costing.
When you have finished editing the cost data, click on PRINT to send the screen data to your printer. If you click on edit sectors the sectors can be re-edited and more sectors added as previously and the revised costs can be reviewed. This function in PACS provides the user with the capability to recall a costing made and saved previously and review or re-run the costing. Typing into the selection field will find increasing closer matches to the costing you are looking for.
The screen shows the costing as saved at the time it was made with a maximum 8 sectors and the total route costs shown. The option then appears to re-run the route with the same aircraft type or to run it with a different type.
When this function is selected the route will be re-calculated and the costs for fuel, landing, handling etc updated with the current values stored in the Aircraft Airport and Fuel Price databases. By saving your costing each time you make a new calculation, you need never enter the same routing twice, saving time and effort. The Aircraft data file contains specific to type and other information that is used in PACS by default if no other information is provided at the time of running. The use of default data saves having to enter data which usually remains constant, but is required to calculate performance and costs, every time the program is run or a new airport record is being made.
Click on the Aircraft Data button and then select the aircraft type. The first box is used to select the printout aircraft weight format - either pounds or Kilos LB or KG the second box is used to select the load configuration of the aircraft - Cargo or passenger P or C. The next 4 boxes are used to enter the take-off, landing, zero fuel weight and APS aircraft prepared for service weight for the aircraft type. If P is entered in the second box you should enter the number of seats installed in the aircraft and the passenger and baggage unit weight in the next 2 boxes.
The second line has boxes for the max fuel capacity of the aircraft, the minimum reserve fuel required as company policy, the minimum fuel on board required to dispatch the aircraft the max certified cruise flight level of the aircraft, the normal operational cruise flight level, the navigational tolerance fuel specified in company policy. The en-route fuel burn data for every aircraft type in PACS is based on the aircraft manufacturers standard operational data in accordance with the operational technique of the operator.
It is rare for an aircraft in operation to exactly match the book values. The taxi out and taxi in boxes are to enter the default standard Airport taxi times for the aircraft type. The AP Temp box shows the default temperature for calculating the permitted takeoff weight for the aircraft. The next box shows the default en-route wind that will be used if no stored sector information is available followed by the default en-route temperature.
The next box shows the standard holding time for calculating reserve fuel. The next group of boxes contains default cost information related to the airport costs for catering and Hotac and other non specific Miscellaneous sector costs and general hourly costs.
The sector and hourly cost boxes can be used to add additional costs not catered for elsewhere. The last box is used for entering a profit margin over calculated route costs.
PACS will divide the annual costs by the utilisation to derive an hourly aircraft cost and add it to the Crew and maintenance costs shown in the next 2 boxes to arrive at an average hourly ACMI cost. This calculated figure can be changed if required when a costing is made. The final 2 lines of boxes relate to default figures for Landing and Handling. When the actual costs are known they can be entered into the airport record either via the utilities menu or when making a route costing.
The first line in the group is for Day time operations The Last line is for Night operations. Normally, the airport data record for each aircraft type is created the first time the airport is used for a costing. This utility menu is then used to update the information fuel price, airport fees etc. If required, this utility option can also be used to create airport data records for future costing. To enter a new Airport record into the Airport file or to edit the data stored in the file, select the Aircraft Airport Data button option.
This screen shown is the same as shown earlier see Airport Information. You can change from one airport to another for the aircraft type shown in the Current Aircraft box. If you want to look at an airport with another aircraft type. First select the aircraft type.
If an airport data record does not exist for the aircraft selected, it will be created. When an Aircraft airport record is first made, the airport cost and other information displayed in the boxes is filled with information stored in the Aircraft Data file. Data is changed by clicking into the required item box, changing the data and using the tab key to confirm the change.
When all data has been changed, data shown on the screen is stored by pressing the update button. The charge currency shown will be that of the country where the airport is situated taken from the first 2 letters of the ICAO 4 letter code and the exchange rate taken from the exchange rate file.
If an exchange rate for the country does not exist, the charge currency will default to US dollars. All charge currency codes displayed, are the standard IATA codes for the country concerned e. Whenever the fuel price figure is changed, the date at the time the change is made is shown in the box. The take-off weight for the airport will be automatically calculated for the displayed temperature. If the temperature is changed, PACS will recalculate the take-off weight at the new temperature.
The alternate airport can be set and the distance calculated by entering a new alternate 3 letter code in the alternate box. Exit back to the front screen by pressing the Exit button. General Airport Information and Fuel Prices. Use this facility to keep contact details and addresses for all you airport suppliers. You can change the fuel price and supplier data from this screen or from the Fuel Database Screen by clicking on the Fuel Database button.
This utility is used to edit existing, or create new, stored sectors with flight planned distances, routing, winds and overflight information for use in making route a costing. To use this utility click on Stored Sectors database The screen shown is the same as shown earlier see Edit Stored Sectors. Editing existing sector. The program will find increasing matches for the sector and display the data on the screen when the required sector is clicked.
If the sector does not exist you will be asked if you want to create a new sector. They are a constituent part of the Rates Data file that is updated at the beginning of each month and is available for download and update via the Web Update facility.
The exchange rates used are obtained from the Financial Times published rates for the day that the rates are compiled.
If there is a known large fluctuation in exchange rates in between normal update periods the user can manually adjust the rates for an individual country. If the exchange rate is modified, the current date will be displayed in the date box.
This provides a quick check on the validity of the exchange rate stored. All of the data for the Airports is contained in the World Airport database. Any changes to the airport record will be confirmed by clicking on EXIT. Enter the data in all the fields The Country and currency code are created automatically by the program. Tab to the end of the data and when the Add Airport button is enabled click on it to save the airport data in the database. A contact database is also included in the utilities menu.
You can use this database to add you clients and telephone numbers. The fields from this database can be copied and pasted in the cost output screen for printing out. Click on Contacts Database in the Utilities Functions this screen appears:. The Saved Calculations function was described earlier see Saved Calculations.
In this mode both the program and the data files are located on the users computer. In this mode, The PACS program files are run from the local drive but use common data files located on a shared network drive. All users must have the same drive letter mapped to the shared network drive. While this mode does have the advantage of shared data files and data updates. Network Program and Data. Not only is the data shared and data updates need only be applied once but the same applies to program updates.
This makes updating and upgrading PACS quick and easy with any changes immediately available to all users. Select a mapped network drive and then select a folder in that drive that you want to create the PACS program and data files in.
This may take some time depending on the size of your PACS files and the speed of your network. When the operation has completed the following message will appear. The message informs you where files have been copied from and to. A new shortcut has also been copied to your desktop linking you to the new PACS setup and a copy of the shortcut has been copied to the folder indicated.
Changing a network Data directory. Click on Change Data Directory. Select the drive where the PACS data files are located , and then the directory. Although reliability of modern computers is very high and disk failures are rare, if you are using PACS on a stand-alone system where no regular server back-up is performed, it is good practice to regularly make backups of your data files.
PACS provides a quick and easy way of backing up the stored data files on to disk from the utility menu. Select the drive where you want to back up to and press Enter. The Backup Files Button will be activated. Click on It. ZIP file to a email and send it to pacs aerocom-int. ZIP file stored in that directory or elsewhere on your computer or network.
Or for copying files from the Office Network to a personal home computer, if permitted in your Licence agreement. You may also have specific updated files that you download from your internet PACS Directory or are sent to you by email. When PACS is opened this screen appears. Web Updates. Rate Data Updates. The exchange rates are updated at the beginning of each month from the Financial Times.
These rates are updated as and when changes to the rates are reported by IATA. Any updates that are notified during any month will be included in the rates data file at the beginning of the next month. Program Updates. The PACS Program is modified on a regular basis to provide users with better functions and to eradicate reported program errors.
Click on the Web Updates Button. This screen appears:. Click on the Check for Updates button. This will open your web browser and show this page.
Compare the dates and file versions of the Program and rate data files and close down your browser. Please note: If you are not able to see this screen then you do not have a current internet connection and you will not be able to update files in this way. If there is a later version of either file available you can update the file in the specified directory by clicking on the program or rate data update button.
The file has been updated in the specified system directory. Microsoft Access. Microsoft Access usually is installed as a part of Microsoft Office Professional.
This function allows you to view saved route cost revenues in an MS Access form and either email the form as an attachment or to export the costing to another format such as MS Excel. Spectrometer spectral resolution 4. Wavelength calibration 4. Instrumental profile 4. Spectral leakage regions 4. Second-pass spectral ghost 4. Spectrometer flux calibration 4. Recovering full beam line fluxes and flux densities for point sources 4. Flux calibration accuracies 4.
Spectrometer sensitivity 4. Spectrometer saturation limits 4. Astrometric accuracy 5. Observing with the PACS photometer 5. Scan mapping mode 5. Scan maps in instrument reference frame 5.
Scan maps in sky coordinates 5. Scan maps sensitivity 5. Mini-scan map mode 5. Chop-nod point-source photometry mode 5. Chopper avoidance angle in point-source mode 5. Gain setting for bright sources 6. Observing with PACS spectrometer 6. Line Spectroscopy AOT 6. Flux estimates and dynamic range 6. Spectral leakage regions 6. Observing spectral lines in the micron range 6. Pointed mode 6. Pointed with dither mode 6. Mapping mode 6. Standard chopping-nodding mode 6. Bright lines chopping-nodding mode 6.
Unchopped grating scan mode 6. Wavelength switching mode 6. Range Spectroscopy AOT 6. Range scan modes 6. SED mode 7. Pipeline processing and data products 7. PACS photometer standard data processing 7. Scan map pipeline processing issues 7. Spectroscopy processing levels and data products 8. Change record References.
List of Figures 1. Functional block diagram of PACS overall optics 2. PACS field-of-view footprint in the telescope focal plane.
PACS filter schemes 2. Bolometer matrices assembly 2. Integral-field spectrometer concept 2. Flight model grating unit 2. Relation between grating angle and wavelength 2. High stress module close-up 2. Projection close up 3. PACS photometer encircled energy fraction 3. Signal-to-noise for aperture 3. Obsolete tabular EEF 3. Xcelera R2. Xcelera R1. EasyAccess R EasyAccess Modality Systems.
EasyCapture Modality Systems. Media Center systems. Inturis Suite Systems. Inturis Online Systems. Archive Systems. EasyReview Systems. EasyWeb Systems. EasyVision DX Systems. By clicking on the link, you will be leaving the official Royal Philips Healthcare "Philips" website.
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