Executive and architectural detail drawings The most important participants of the design process Architect managing the design process Collaborators of the architect Organization of architectural workplace Organization of the design process Beginning of the design process — preparatory phase Design problem formulation Collection of design data Design in practice Design brief and its modification Methods of design problem solving Design problem solving and its verification Knowledge, experience and intuition of architect Needs of clients in example of dwelling houses — case study Which drawings, and how do we show them to our clients?
Architects are currently par- ticipants of the market game, with all its advantages and disadvantages. Their opportunities to design new buildings and landscapes are limited by intentions and capabilities, as well as the general situation in the design market. The work of architects and its effects should, therefore, remain at a higher level than competition can create.
For this reason, architects need to improve their design skills constantly, while at the same time gaining experience and using the knowledge of other professionals who work in the design branch. On the other hand, taking part in a complex market game and the devel- 1 opment of architectural projects can bring us great satisfaction, which comes from the possibility of constant observation of self-development, verification of professional qualifications, and strengthening our market position.
A stronger market position is, in fact, an important factor contributing to professional suc- cess in terms of its essential context as well as income. To undertake any design task, an architect should have a specified design aim and design thinking ability. Therefore, the first chapter of this textbook provides an introduction to a design process with a particular focus on its pur- pose.
This chapter also includes a description of a perception of a design by representatives of the building branch who have a direct or indirect relation- ship with the design process: collaborators with architects, including engineers and other professionals, and clients. It should be emphasized that architectural design is a professional service that architects provide to their customers. Apart from in extraordinary cases, an architect works for a certain client, who can be the main investor, a future building user or may play a different role.
Thus, for this reason s he hires the architect. Knowledge of these three elements allows the designer to consciously adhere to the rules of a design process. It is important to note that decisions taken at the preliminary design stage affect to a large extent the final shape of a project. This chapter in- cludes a description of sketches and technical drawing types, as well as ways of working and possible effects of their use.
This part of the textbook presents both traditional and modern, widely used electronic drawing tools with ex- tended databases and wide access to information — via computers with their external devices.
In the fourth chapter, basic sources of information about architectural de- sign knowledge have been provided. As the most important, the following are featured: design experience, knowledge acquired in the process of architecture 2 education, which is the basis for further professional development, and nation- al and international literature. In this chapter building codes are generally de- scribed in a way that enables their role in a design process to be understood.
Thus, students may gain general knowledge about technical and legal sources of information, while at the same time being aware of their usefulness in dif- ferent design situations. Due to the large amount of architectural documenta- tion available, in this chapter its possible sources are also presented, as well as its applicability for certain design tasks. Ways of design thinking and techniques for performing specific design tasks are presented in the fifth chapter.
Implementation of a particular way of design thinking allows young architects to make conscious and correct design decisions, thanks to which it is possible to participate in a design process and, over time, to lead it.
The sixth chapter includes issues connected with design process rules led by an architect. Optimal ways of preparing data for commencing any design process are described in this chapter. This chapter also provides information about selected issues that are typical of a design process, and methods of design problem solving.
This collaboration takes place in various ways, and depends on mutual expectations and opportunities, which are not always clear for all participants at the beginning of a design pro- cess.
For this reason, in the seventh chapter basic principles of communication between participants of a design process, as well as presented causes of poten- tial misunderstanding, are explained. For the successful realization of a design process we need a well- educated architect who has a broad knowledge, based on a solid foundation.
Therefore, the education of young architects should be, from the beginning of their studies, carried out in a carefully planned manner. The other purpose of the textbook is to introduce students to a market-oriented way of thinking, a standard approach for the architecture profession. I would like to emphasize that the source of the tips and comments in this textbook is the knowledge and design experience of the author.
This means that the recipients of information included in this book are not obliged to accept uncritically all my opinions and guidance. A concept comes to our mind, and we want to realize it. Before we do anything, we guess, more or less, why we want to do it. And, in the end, achieving the main aim is the prize for our effort.
It is only a verbal formulation of our dreams. After this verbal formulation we take the next step, which is specify- ing and detailing the main aim of our actions.
However, only some of us learn how to create a space in a professional way, because for this action both proper knowledge and a developed consciousness of creation are necessary. We architects may design not only houses but also landscapes, apartments, clothes, cars, planes, machines and tools, graphics, promotional campaigns, and even law.
Above all, we are especially interested in spatial design, e. Designing a space, in contrast to clothes, cars, planes, machines and tools, graphics, promotional campaigns and law, we call architectural design.
Typically we make all architectural design decisions in fluctuating condi- tions of uncertainty about their correctness and after taking into consideration possible, sometimes difficult-to-predict, consequences. Architectural design stands out from other kinds of design because of a few important features. Firstly, it applies to a relatively large space, usually much bigger than in the case of any means of transport such as planes or cars. Secondly, the realized effect of design work, e.
Thirdly, such a realization serves people for a relatively long time, much longer than the above-mentioned means of transport. Fourthly and finally, to prepare an architectural design it is necessary to possess knowledge from a few branches beyond pure designing; for example, 7 it is not possible to design a sports hall without knowledge of football, bas- ketball or volleyball rules.
It would also be difficult to design a garden with- out any knowledge about the needs of the trees and flowers we want to plant there. Similar problems would occur in any attempt to design a temple with- out knowledge of any of the rituals of that particular religion. It should be emphasized that architectural design is a paid service for which we take proper payment. Architectural practice is a professional service that we, as architects, provide to our clients.
Apart from in extraordinary situa- tions, when we prepare an architectural design for ourselves — in this case we are both service providers and customers — we work for a specific client s.
That is why this client hires a professional architect. Howev- er, we should be aware of our responsibility for the effects of our design activi- ty. Moreover, our architectural design can- not disturb the society or, generally, the public interest, and all proper regula- tions in force must be respected. Therefore, it is important to explain to clients how some of their ideas might affect the space, either negatively or positively.
This is an obligation and privilege for all architects. For exam- ple, a client who wants to build a playing field may remain a member of the local authority of the municipality. In some cases, we may deal with institu- tional clients or firms, which may be represented by individuals. In particular, we architects are responsible for the space created by us. In conclusion, we can state that architectural design is the preparation of a plan for changing a space that is not our property.
At the same time, we should remember that when starting work on any spatial change, we take responsibil- ity for the result of our work Fig. This responsibility we take both to our client and the society, because the profession of architect is an occupation that requires public trust.
This idea, in accordance with its high degree of complexity, cannot be realized without a prepared plan. To execute this plan, we need adequate knowledge of architecture, and at least basic knowledge of disciplines related to architecture, above all engineering, and branches about which knowledge is required in certain cases, for example the sports industry, trade, gastronomy and catering, private or public transport, etc. These branches are also represented by their own specialists.
In particular, architects cooperate with specialists from various engineering branches. In other words, the aim of the above-mentioned process is to prepare an architectural design, i.
The result of this process is the architectural design, while the result of the whole investment process is a new building, the renovation of a building, or the development of a landscape.
Preparation of the architectural design is finished when the result of our work — the completed design — is already the basis for the commencement of a new building construction, its interior, or landscape. S he also 9 supervises the realization of the architectural design throughout the construction process. During construction it is possible — or sometimes necessary — to make some changes in the design, including detailing of architectural and technical arrangements of chosen elements of the building.
According to the national building code, executive drawings, interior design or landscape design are usually not a part of building permit design. It is important to establish before any design work what the real starting and final points of the design process are. An access card with redemption code for the online Interactive Resource Center is included with all new, print copies or can be purchased separately.
The online Interactive Resource Center contains resources tied to the book, such as:. Architecture: Form, Space, and Order, Fourth Edition is the classic introduction to the basic vocabulary of architectural design, updated with new information on emerging trends and recent developments. This bestselling visual reference helps both students and professionals understand the vocabulary of architectural design by examining how space and form are ordered in the environment.
Essential and timeless, the fundamental elements of space and form still present a challenge to those who crave a deeper understanding. Taking a critical look at the evolution of spaces, Architecture distills complex concepts of design into a clear focus that inspires, bringing difficult abstractions to life. The book is illustrated throughout to demonstrate the concepts presented, and show the relationships between fundamental elements of architecture through the ages and across cultures.
Topics include:. From the Back Cover. For more than forty years, the beautifully illustrated Architecture: Form, Space, and Order has served as the classic introduction to the basic vocabulary of architectural design. The updated and revised Fourth Edition features the fundamental elements of space and form and is designed to encourage critical thought in order to promote a more evocative understanding of architecture.
Architecture: Form, Space, and Order distills complex concepts of design into a clear focus and brings difficult abstractions to life. The book explains form and space in relation to light, view, openings, and enclosures and explores the organization of space, and the elements and relationships of circulation, as well as proportion and scale.
0コメント